Soft X‐ray spectromicroscopy studies of pitting corrosion of reinforcing steel bar
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pitting corrosion of reinforcing steel bar (rebar) imbedded in concrete by chloride ions can cause concrete degradation. It is thus necessary to develop methods to mitigate concrete corrosion which could include using a protective polymer rebar coating. Corrosion studies of polyvinyl butyral‐carbon black polymer‐coated rebar using soft X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) microprobe and micro‐X‐ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (μ‐XANES) are reported in this study. After removal of the polyvinyl butyral‐carbon black polymer coating, Fe Lα 1 , Mn Lα 1 , and O Kα 1 XRF maps were collected as well as Fe and Mn L 3 ‐edge μ‐XANES spectra from different regions across the whole rebar surface by collection of total electron yield (TEY) and partial XRF yield (PFY) spectra. The distribution of metallic Fe and Fe corrosion products was determined by analysis of the Fe XRF map. The μ‐XANES spectra indicated a higher fraction of Fe (III) phases on the corroded rebar surface, while Fe (II/III) phases were the major corrosion products beneath the surface region. In addition, Mn (II) and Mn (III) were determined as the valence states of the manganese corrosion products.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".