<i>Citizens of Convenience: The Imperial Origins of American Nationhood on the U.S.-Canadian Border</i>. Early American Histories. By Lawrence B. A. Hatter
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Using the lens of the Montreal fur trade, Lawrence B.A. Hatter’s Citizens of Convenience examines the nature of the Canadian-American border from the Paris Treaty of 1783 through the War of 1812. Central to his argument is the idea that the evolution of the northern border, from a fluid zone of essentially free trade to the defined and hardened line of enforcement enunciated in the Treaty of Ghent in 1814–15, was essential to the formation of America’s identity, which Hatter defines as imperial. Acknowledging that “contemporary Americans might feel squeamish about calling the United States an empire,” Hatter reminds us that, “the Founders felt no such discomfort” (p. 9). This reminder is important, both because it is one of the strengths of Hatter’s work that he continually reasserts the realities and points of view of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries and because America’s conception of itself was formed, defined, and enacted along its borders, especially the northern border it now shared with its erstwhile ruling power, Great Britain. Here, the central concepts of any imperial, and indeed national, project played out—the control of territory, the control of movement of people and thus the definition of citizenship, and the regulation of trade.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".