PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY–INDUCED ACUTE EXUDATIVE MACULOPATHY
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: To describe the incidence, clinical features, and long-term outcomes of photodynamic therapy (PDT)-induced acute exudative maculopathy (PAEM) in patients who underwent PDT for various indications. METHODS: This retrospective observational case series included all cases who developed massive serofibrinous macular exudation within a week after PDT. Medical records of patients with post-PDT exudative events were reviewed for relevant data and imaging abstraction including optical coherence tomography and indocyanine green angiography features and were subjected to analysis. RESULTS: The incidence rate of PAEM was 4.52%, being noted in 8 eyes (out of 177 PDT sessions in 155 eyes) with a mean age of 70.25 ± 6.65 years. Pre-PDT factors commonly associated with PAEM included age ≥65 years (87.5%), clinical diagnosis of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (75%), spot size ≥3,500 µm (100%), best-corrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better (87.5%), low-fluence PDT (87.5%), and the first exposure to PDT (75%). Photodynamic therapy-induced acute exudative maculopathy was noted at a mean interval of 2.9 ± 1.7 days (2-7 days) after PDT. Photodynamic therapy-induced acute exudative maculopathy resulted in significant decrease in mean best-corrected visual acuity from logMAR 0.29 ± 0.21 (approximate Snellen equivalent 20/39) to logMAR 0.91 ± 0.37 (approximate Snellen equivalent 20/163) [P = 0.0018], and significant increase in mean central macular thickness from 228.1 ± 71.8 µm to 481.4 ± 154.8 µm (P = 0.0029). Photodynamic therapy-induced acute exudative maculopathy resolved to baseline or even better tomographic status at a mean interval of 4.6 ± 1.2 weeks, resulting in complete visual recovery compared with baseline. During mean follow-up of 77.8 ± 46.4 weeks after PDT, no activity was noted for a mean duration of 26.3 ± 42.5 weeks after resolution. At final visit, mean best-corrected visual acuity and central macular thickness was logMAR 0.49 ± 0.28 (approximate Snellen equivalent 20/62) and 153.6 ± 40.0 µm, respectively, with underlying pathology being stable in 50% of the eyes. CONCLUSION: Photodynamic therapy-induced acute exudative maculopathy is an uncommon complication with self-resolving course and favorable prognosis. Patients undergoing PDT should be warned of the possibility of PAEM. The factors frequently associated with PAEM include elderly age (>65 years), clinical diagnosis of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, larger spot size (≥3,500 µm), pre-PDT best-corrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better, low-fluence PDT, and the first exposure to PDT.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it