First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VI. The Shadow and Mass of the Central Black Hole
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Abstract
Abstract We present measurements of the properties of the central radio source in M87 using Event Horizon Telescope data obtained during the 2017 campaign. We develop and fit geometric crescent models (asymmetric rings with interior brightness depressions) using two independent sampling algorithms that consider distinct representations of the visibility data. We show that the crescent family of models is statistically preferred over other comparably complex geometric models that we explore. We calibrate the geometric model parameters using general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) models of the emission region and estimate physical properties of the source. We further fit images generated from GRMHD models directly to the data. We compare the derived emission region and black hole parameters from these analyses with those recovered from reconstructed images. There is a remarkable consistency among all methods and data sets. We find that >50% of the total flux at arcsecond scales comes from near the horizon, and that the emission is dramatically suppressed interior to this region by a factor >10, providing direct evidence of the predicted shadow of a black hole. Across all methods, we measure a crescent diameter of 42 ± 3 μ as and constrain its fractional width to be <0.5. Associating the crescent feature with the emission surrounding the black hole shadow, we infer an angular gravitational radius of GM / Dc 2 = 3.8 ± 0.4 μ as. Folding in a distance measurement of gives a black hole mass of . This measurement from lensed emission near the event horizon is consistent with the presence of a central Kerr black hole, as predicted by the general theory of relativity.
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The record
- Venue
- The Astrophysical Journal Letters
- Topic
- Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
- Field
- Physics and Astronomy
- Canadian institutions
- Canadian Institute for Theoretical AstrophysicsCanadian Institute for Advanced ResearchUniversity of TorontoPerimeter InstituteUniversity of Waterloo
- Funders
- Los Alamos National LaboratoryOffice of International Science and EngineeringNational Key Research and Development Program of ChinaComisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y TecnológicaJapan Society for the Promotion of ScienceChina Scholarship CouncilMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and TechnologyJohn Templeton FoundationMinisterio de Economía y CompetitividadEuropean Southern ObservatoryNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaNational Nuclear Security AdministrationInstitut Périmètre de physique théoriqueRecruitment Program of Global ExpertsKorea Astronomy and Space Science InstituteMinistero dello Sviluppo EconomicoMax-Planck-GesellschaftCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Research Foundation of KoreaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y UniversidadesNuclear Safety and Security CommissionGeneralitat ValencianaNederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk OnderzoekInstituto de Astrofísica de AndalucíaChinese Academy of SciencesVetenskapsrådetInternational Max Planck Research School for Environmental, Cellular and Molecular MicrobiologySmithsonian InstitutionU.S. Department of EnergyLeverhulme TrustNational Radio Astronomy ObservatoryToray Science FoundationNational Research FoundationUniversity of ArizonaHarvard UniversityInnovation, Science and Economic Development CanadaNational Science FoundationCompute CanadaNational Astronomical Observatory of JapanAssociated UniversitiesDirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoConsejo Nacional de Ciencia y TecnologíaUniversity of ChicagoNational Institutes of Natural SciencesGovernment of CanadaNational Aeronautics and Space AdministrationIstituto Nazionale di Fisica NucleareDepartment of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, IndiaRussian Science FoundationGordon and Betty Moore FoundationAcademia Sinica
- Keywords
- PhysicsBlack hole (networking)Event horizonAstrophysicsAngular diameterRADIUSShadow (psychology)HorizonBrightnessEvent (particle physics)AstronomyStars
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- yes