TENDÊNCIAS MODERNAS E QUESTÕES RELACIONADAS COM A DEFINIÇÃO E REALIZAÇÃO DE SISTEMAS VERTICAIS: A EXPERIÊNCIA CANADENSE
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Canada has recently adopted a new vertical reference system based on the choice of an equipotential surface instead of the mean sea level as used during the last century and during the firstdecade of this century. This choice has important implications at the scientificand practical level. This article discusses the reasons and implications of this choice. On the one hand it provides a better representation of orthometric height; on the other hand it represents the demise of the levelling network of firstorder. On the one hand it facilitates the maintenance of the vertical system; on the other it entails a loss of “reality on the ground.” For users, it creates a number of challenges, which if successfully surmounted, will bring benefits for thevarious activities, especially those that deal with water, for example, sanitation, floods, andirrigation. The article also includes an introductory discussion about systems of heights and vertical systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.018 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".