4.3 HIPPOCAMPAL SUBFIELDS AND VISUOSPATIAL ASSOCIATIVE MEMORY ACROSS STAGES OF SCHIZOPHRENIA-SPECTRUM DISORDER
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Previous studies indicate that visuospatial associative memory ability deteriorates over the course of psychotic illness, with substantial impairments observed in individuals with chronic schizophrenia. However, the neural underpinnings of poor performance on this task in schizophrenia have not previously been investigated. While previous studies have identified relationships between hippocampal volumes and memory performance in schizophrenia, few studies have examined the role of hippocampal subfields in illness-related memory deficits, and no study has examined potential differences across varying illness stages. The current study aimed to investigate whether individuals with early and established psychosis exhibited differential relationships between visuospatial associative memory and hippocampal subfield volumes. Measurements of visuospatial associative memory performance and MRI scans were obtained from 52 individuals with a chronic schizophrenia-spectrum disorder, 28 individuals with first-episode psychosis (FEP), 52 older healthy controls, and 28 younger healthy controls. Both chronic and FEP patients had impaired visuospatial associative memory performance relative to healthy controls. However, only chronic patients showed hippocampal subfield volume loss relative to healthy controls. Both chronic and FEP patients demonstrated relationships between visuospatial associative memory performance and hippocampal subfield volumes in the CA4/dentate gyrus and the stratum that were not observed in healthy controls. There were no group by volume interactions when chronic and FEP patients were compared. The current study extends the findings of previous studies by identifying particular hippocampal subfields, including the hippocampal stratum layers and the dentate gyrus, that appear to be related to visuospatial associative memory ability in individuals with both chronic and first-episode psychosis. These regions are particularly vulnerable to the effects of chronic stress and inflammation, suggesting that these factors may contribute to memory impairment in psychotic disorders.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".