First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. IV. Imaging the Central Supermassive Black Hole
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Abstract
Abstract We present the first Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) images of M87, using observations from April 2017 at 1.3 mm wavelength. These images show a prominent ring with a diameter of ∼40 μ as, consistent with the size and shape of the lensed photon orbit encircling the “shadow” of a supermassive black hole. The ring is persistent across four observing nights and shows enhanced brightness in the south. To assess the reliability of these results, we implemented a two-stage imaging procedure. In the first stage, four teams, each blind to the others’ work, produced images of M87 using both an established method (CLEAN) and a newer technique (regularized maximum likelihood). This stage allowed us to avoid shared human bias and to assess common features among independent reconstructions. In the second stage, we reconstructed synthetic data from a large survey of imaging parameters and then compared the results with the corresponding ground truth images. This stage allowed us to select parameters objectively to use when reconstructing images of M87. Across all tests in both stages, the ring diameter and asymmetry remained stable, insensitive to the choice of imaging technique. We describe the EHT imaging procedures, the primary image features in M87, and the dependence of these features on imaging assumptions.
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The record
- Venue
- The Astrophysical Journal Letters
- Topic
- Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
- Field
- Physics and Astronomy
- Canadian institutions
- Canadian Institute for Theoretical AstrophysicsCanadian Institute for Advanced ResearchUniversity of TorontoPerimeter InstituteUniversity of Waterloo
- Funders
- Los Alamos National LaboratoryOffice of International Science and EngineeringNational Institute of Information and Communications TechnologyNational Key Research and Development Program of ChinaComisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y TecnológicaJapan Society for the Promotion of ScienceToray Science FoundationNational Nuclear Security AdministrationKorea Research Environment Open NetworkInstitut Périmètre de physique théoriqueRecruitment Program of Global ExpertsNational Science FoundationIran Telecommunication Research CenterKorea Astronomy and Space Science InstituteMinistero dello Sviluppo EconomicoAcademy of FinlandMax-Planck-GesellschaftCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Research Foundation of KoreaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaChina Scholarship CouncilMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and TechnologyJohn Templeton FoundationMinisterio de Economía y CompetitividadEuropean Southern ObservatoryKorea Institute of Science and TechnologyMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y UniversidadesNuclear Safety and Security CommissionGeneralitat ValencianaInstituto de Astrofísica de AndalucíaNederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk OnderzoekChinese Academy of SciencesAcademia SinicaVetenskapsrådetInternational Max Planck Research School for Environmental, Cellular and Molecular MicrobiologySmithsonian InstitutionU.S. Department of EnergyKavli FoundationEuropean CommissionLeverhulme TrustNational Radio Astronomy ObservatoryNational Research FoundationUniversity of ArizonaNational Astronomical Observatory of JapanAssociated UniversitiesDirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoConsejo Nacional de Ciencia y TecnologíaUniversity of ChicagoKorea Institute of Science and Technology InformationHarvard UniversityInnovation, Science and Economic Development CanadaNational Institutes of Natural SciencesGovernment of CanadaNational Aeronautics and Space AdministrationIstituto Nazionale di Fisica NucleareDepartment of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, IndiaRussian Science FoundationGordon and Betty Moore FoundationCompute Canada
- Keywords
- Supermassive black holePhysicsShadow (psychology)TelescopeAsymmetryBrightnessGalaxyAstrophysicsArtificial intelligenceOpticsComputer science
- Has abstract in OpenAlex
- yes