Non-Enzymatic Impedimetric Sensor Based on 3-Aminophenylboronic Acid Functionalized Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode for Highly Sensitive Glucose Detection
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A highly sensitive glucose sensor was prepared by a one-step method using 3-aminophenyl boronic acid as a unit of recognition and a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) as an electrochemical transducer. Scanning Electron Microscopy confirmed the success of the functionalization of the SPCE due to the presence of clusters of boronic acid distributed on the carbon surface. In agreement with the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) tests performed before and after the functionalization, Cyclic Voltammetry results indicated that the electroactivity of the electrode decreased 37.9% owing to the presence of the poly phenylboronic acid on the electrode surface. EIS revealed that the sensor was capable to selectively detect glucose at a broad range of concentrations (limit of detection of 8.53 × 10−9 M), not recognizing fructose and sucrose. The device presented a stable impedimetric response when immediately prepared but suffered the influence of the storage time and some interfering species (dopamine, NaCl and animal serum). The response time at optimized conditions was estimated to be equal to 4.0 ± 0.6 s.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".