Sexual differentiation in juvenile American lobster (<i>Homarus americanus</i>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
American lobsters (Homarus americanus H. Milne Edwards, 1837) settling to the bottom after their pelagic larval stage are sexually undifferentiated. Based on stereomicroscope observations, the female’s gonopore first appeared for lobsters about 13 mm carapace length (CL) and the dimorphism of the first pair of male pleopods was first observed at about 15 mm CL. Based on histological observations, the internal reproductive system for both males and females began differentiating at sizes ≥20 mm CL. The vasa deferentia were observed for males >30 mm CL indicating that the male reproductive system is fully formed. For females, the ovaries were observed at sizes ≥20 mm CL, but the oviducts were not detected in animals <36 mm CL. The male reproductive system is morphologically complete at a substantially smaller CL than for females.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".