What does it mean to be ‘called home’ from overseas? The case of Hakka Chinese Indonesian youth from West Kalimantan
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Every year thousands of Hakka Chinese Indonesian youth leave towns in West Kalimantan to go overseas to work and study in Malaysia, Taiwan, Korea, Japan, Australia, America and the UK. Many have their sojourns abroad stopped by parents who ‘call them home’ (Hakka. ham chon; Indo. disuruh pulang) to perform family duties, primarily taking over family businesses and taking care of aging parents. Being ‘called home’ is rarely optional; it is a form of return that makes explicit the moral economy inherent in hierarchical family relationships. The ways internationally mobile youth respond to this request and make sense of their lives after returning, reveal complex and ambiguous feelings towards family, self, and community. Cosmopolitan transnational aspirations conflict with the daily realities of immobility, filial duty, and the monotony of small-town life. This is expressed in a series of changing states that move between love and acceptance, resentment and anger. Using three illustrative cases from long-term ethnographic fieldwork, this paper describes this process of being ‘called home’, showing how the tensions between personal aspirations for transnational mobility and the realities of small-town immobility linked to filial duty are a more significant experience of contemporary youthful sojourns than previously imagined.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".