3D-printing of arsenic sulfide chalcogenide glasses
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The use of a 3D-printing additive manufacturing process is reported for the first time for the extrusion of chalcogenide glasses by using a filament feed. Several challenges were overcome: preparation of chalcogenide glass filaments by the crucible technique, optimization of extrusion temperature or even filament feeding. The As40S60 chalcogenide glass was selected for its low glass transition temperature (Tg = 188°C) and ease of synthesis and processing. It was extruded using a commercial 3D-printer at a temperature around 140°C above the glass transition temperature. 3D-printed glass specimens were then characterized and no significant difference was observed in comparison with the bulk precursor glass in terms of chemical and thermal properties. This first report of additive manufacturing of chalcogenide glass complex shapes paves the way for the development of novel specialty optical components that could not be produced by conventional methods, including the fabrication of multimaterial optical fiber preforms.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".