Bibliographic record
Abstract
Jerk, lateral acceleration, and unbalanced superelevation are induced at the point of switch due to the combined effect of the switch angle and speed. Two sets of formula are derived to compute the values of jerk, lateral acceleration, and unbalanced superelevation due to the switch angle and speed separately. A sudden change in the direction of motion by the switch induces jerk which affects passenger comfort. The jerk due to the sudden change in the direction of motion is formulated in this paper by using the cubic spiral formula. It is demonstrated that the jerk at the point of switch has a positive (direct) relation with the speed and switch angle, but has a negative (inverse) relation with the pivot pitch. It is demonstrated that the switch angle should be optimized to reduce the lateral jerk. To capture the effect of the speed, the effective radius at the point of switch is formulated first and then formulas are derived for the jerk, lateral acceleration, and unbalanced superelevation at the point of switch due to speed. Finally, the aforementioned formulas are added to obtain the total values at the point of switch. The formulas are applied on American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association (AREMA) turnouts and validated by computer simulation using Vampire. These formulas would be helpful for the practicing designers and engineers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".