Manganese as a Catalytic Mediator for Photo-oxidation and Breaking the pH Limitation of Nanozymes
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
A long-standing challenge in nanozyme catalysis is low activity at physiological pH, especially for oxidase- and peroxidase-mimicking nanozymes. We herein communicate that Mn(II) can promote catalysis at neutral pH for carbon dots (C-dots) as a photo-oxidase nanozyme. The C-dots produce singlet oxygen upon light irradiation to oxidize Mn(II) to Mn(III), which is confirmed by a suite of spectroscopic evidence. The in situ produced Mn(III) acts as a mediator, analogous to mediators in electrochemistry to enhance electron transfer. None of the other divalent metal ions show such an effect, allowing the selective detection of Mn(II) down to 5 nM. EDTA further enhances the activity by stabilizing the highly active Mn(III), producing an intense blue color by oxidizing 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) in just 10 s. Finally, this reaction was used to evaluate antioxidants. With this method, more analytical and biomedical applications of nanozymes can be exploited at neutral pH, and it may inspire other strategies to overcome the pH limitation in nanozyme catalysis.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it