Effects of Dexmedetomidine on Blood Glucose and Serum Potassium Levels in Children Undergoing General Anesthesia: A Secondary Analysis of Safety Endpoints During a Randomized Controlled Trial
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective α2-adrenergic agonist, which is increasingly used in pediatric anesthesia and intensive care. Potential adverse effects that have not been rigorously evaluated in children include its effects on blood glucose and serum potassium concentrations, which are relevant due to the associations of derangements of both parameters with undesired outcomes. We investigated the effects of 3 different doses of dexmedetomidine on these outcomes in a randomized controlled trial in children undergoing elective surgery. METHODS: Sixty-four American Society of Anesthesiologists I-II children were randomized to receive either dexmedetomidine 0.25 µg/kg, dexmedetomidine 0.5 µg/kg, dexmedetomidine 0.75 µg/kg, or 0 µg/kg (control), as a bolus administered over 60 seconds after induction of anesthesia. Changes in plasma glucose and serum potassium concentrations were measured in venous blood sampled before and at 15 and 30 minutes after study drug administration. Data were plotted within and between groups and analyzed using a constrained longitudinal data approach. RESULTS: Forty-nine children completed the study. Mean glucose levels at 15 and 30 minutes were elevated with estimated changes from baseline of 0.37 mmol/L (95% CI, 0.29-0.45 mmol/L) and 0.05 mmol/L (95% CI, 0.00-0.10 mmol/L), respectively. At 15 minutes, there was a linear dose-response relationship (1.07 mmol/L/μg/kg [95% CI, 0.57-1.58 mmol/L/μg/kg]), but there was no appreciable effect of dexmedetomidine at 30 minutes (0.15 mmol/L/μg/kg [95% CI, -0.40 to 0.70 mmol/L/μg/kg]). Potassium levels were depressed relative to baseline, with a mean difference at 15 minutes of -0.20 mEq/L (95% CI, -0.28 to -0.12 mEq/L) and at 30 minutes of -0.12 mEq/L (95% CI, -0.15 to -0.08 mEq/L), but there was no appreciable effect of dexmedetomidine at either time. CONCLUSIONS: Small elevations in glucose and decreases in potassium were observed after induction of anesthesia in children. The elevation in glucose at 15 minutes depended on the dose of dexmedetomidine administered. These preliminary data warrant further investigation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.009 | 0.014 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".