Identification of the expression of earthquake-induced surface flooding by groundwater using detailed regolith mapping at the buried Atlántida Deposit, northern Chile
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper describes saline pockets (10 cm–3 m in diameter) of fine-grained material distributed on alluvial surfaces. These saline pockets are localized along structural trends at the Atlántida buried porphyry-skarn Cu–Au–(Mo) deposit in the Atacama Region of Chile. The distribution and highly saline nature of the material suggest formation by the pooling and evaporation of groundwater forced through fractures to the surface during seismic activity. These saline pockets are a surface expression of the hydrological effects of seismic activity along faults. Saline pockets with similar distribution and characteristics were also identified at three additional alluvium-covered areas, all located in the Antofagasta Region of Chile. Identification and mapping of these saline pockets relies on the ability to identify the continuation of structures through overlying gravels. Regolith mapping using high-resolution drone imagery and digital elevation modelling identified geomorphic markers of faulting which aided mapping the distribution of saline pockets. Saline pockets provide a unique opportunity to sample the direct expression of transported groundwater reaching the surface from depth and provide a prime target medium for mineral exploration through transported gravels.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".