Reproducing micro X-ray computed tomography (microXCT) observations of air–water distribution in porous media using revised pore-morphology method
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study presents a novel and simple morphology approach to generate two-dimensional air–water distribution in porous media considering Or and Tuller’s cavitation mechanism (published in 2002). The connectedness condition for the nonwetting phase is replaced by the Laplace equation. An algorithm is developed to detect the ruptured water spaces that are incorrectly formed in the throat by the morphology approach, but cannot exist in a real thermodynamic equilibrium system. The distributions of soil moisture, water retention curve, and air–liquid interface area at different saturations predicted by this method are in a good quantitative agreement with the experimental observations on glass beads and Ottawa sand from micro X-raycomputed tomography (microXCT). Compared to Lu et al.’s Monte Carlo lattice-gas approach (published in 2010), another computational method to generate the soil moisture distribution, the proposed approach provides better results with significantly less computational power.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".