Bidirectional Primary and Secondary Transmissions with Hybrid-SWIPT in Cognitive Radio Networks
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper considers a cooperative cognitive radio system that enables bidirectional primary and secondary transmissions along with simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT). In the considered scheme, two secondary users (SUs) provide relay assistance to a pair of primary users (PUs), and in return, they are allowed to exploit the licensed spectrum for realizing their communications. With such a scheme, two end-to-end transmissions can be accomplished in four phases including the phase for energy harvesting (EH). Different from most previous works, a hybrid-SWIPT is adopted in this paper, whereby the SUs can adaptively utilize both EH techniques, i.e., time switching and power splitting. Both SUs perform amplify-and-forward operation to facilitate relay cooperation. On the other hand, PUs employ a selection combining technique to make use of multiple intended signal copies broadcasted from a pair of SUs. For evaluating the performance of the considered network, the exact outage probability expressions for both primary and secondary systems under Nakagami-m fading are provided. Numerical and simulation results illustrate the accuracy of derived expressions and give useful insights into the system behavior, especially with respect to the spectrum sharing factor and hybrid SWIPT parameters.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".