Higher efficiency tandem solar cells through composite-cell current matching
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We expand in detail on a new approach to current matching in double junction solar cells that increases the theoretical maximum efficiencies attainable for many bandgap pairs. In this approach, either or both cell types are repeated one or more times, which provides for improved current matching and 2-terminal operation for a wide variety of bandgap pairs, opening up the opportunity to utilize materials not previously considered. While a multijunction design in which the bandgap of every cell is fully optimized will have higher efficiency, this approach achieves simplicity and potential cost savings by using only two cell types. Of particular interest are tandem cells with silicon as the base cell, where significant improvements in efficiency can be achieved with composite-cell current matching. This is illustrated for a 2.19 eV/Si(3) device with a theoretical maximum efficiency of 42.9%, well in excess of the 27.7% achievable for a 2.19 eV/Si device. The benefits of utilizing composite-cell stacks in Si-based triple-junction devices are also discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".