Bibliographic record
Abstract
We introduce Heun algebras of Lie type. They are obtained from bispectral pairs associated to simple or solvable Lie algebras of dimension three or four. For s u ( 2 ) \mathfrak {su}(2) , this leads to the Heun–Krawtchouk algebra. The corresponding Heun–Krawtchouk operator is identified as the Hamiltonian of the quantum analogue of the Zhukovsky–Voltera gyrostat. For s u ( 1 , 1 ) \mathfrak {su}(1,1) , one obtains the Heun algebras attached to the Meixner, Meixner–Pollaczek, and Laguerre polynomials. These Heun algebras are shown to be isomorphic to the the Hahn algebra. Focusing on the harmonic oscillator algebra h o \mathfrak {ho} leads to the Heun–Charlier algebra. The connections to orthogonal polynomials are achieved through realizations of the underlying Lie algebras in terms of difference and differential operators. In the s u ( 1 , 1 ) \mathfrak {su}(1,1) cases, it is observed that the Heun operator can be transformed into the Hahn, Continuous Hahn, and Confluent Heun operators, respectively.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.017 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".