Rational Design of Environmental Benign Organic–Inorganic Hybrid as a Prospective Cathode for Stable High-Voltage Sodium Ion Batteries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An ecofriendly cobalt-free O3-Na[Ni 1/3 Mn 1/3 Fe 1/3 ]O 2 (NNMF) embedded on conductive polyaniline (PANI) backbones is synthesized as a hybrid cathode by a facile chemical polymerization technique. As a cathode for rechargeable sodium ion batteries (RSIB), the NNMF with the 0.3 M PANI (NNMF-PANI3) hybrid electrode displays an enhanced energy density of 567 Wh kg –1 at a high operating voltage of 2–4.5 V along with excellent cyclic performance. In addition, the NNMF-PANI3 hybrid electrode exhibits ∼75% capacity retention after 750 cycles at 2 A g –1 current density within 2–4.5 V. Conversely, the pristine NNMF electrode without PANI fails to demonstrate adequate electrochemical performance even in a low cut-off voltage range (2–4.2 V). The superior electrochemical performance of the hybrid electrode is attributed to effective Na-ion transportation within the hybrid structure in which PANI keeps the NNMF particles interconnected uniformly and offers better conductive contact between the electrolyte and the active species. Moreover, the presence of a porous PANI networks allow more electrolyte penetration within its structure and eliminates the inherent mechanical stress during the electrochemical Na-ion intercalation/deintercalation at high currents. The results obtained in the present investigation reveal that organic–inorganic hybrids could be realized as promising ecofriendly high-performance cathode materials for RSIB applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".