Dexmedetomidine improves cognition after carotid endarterectomy by inhibiting cerebral inflammation and enhancing brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is efficient in preventing stroke for patients with significant carotid stenosis, but results in mild cognitive dysfunction. Dexmedetomidine is neuroprotective in stroke models. We hypothesized that dexmedetomidine may improve cognition after CEA. METHODS: Forty-nine patients scheduled for elective CEA were randomly assigned to intravenous dexmedetomidine treatment group (n = 25) and control group C (normal saline, n = 24). Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA), as well as lactate, TNF-α, IL-6, and BDNF levels in blood, were assessed before, during, and after surgery. RESULTS: MMSE and MOCA scores showed subtle decline in both groups at 24 hours postoperatively; this decline remained at 48 hours postoperatively in group C. Both scores were higher in group D than in group C at 48 and 72 hours postoperatively. TNF-α and IL-6 were lower from 5 minutes post-clamping through 24 hours postoperatively in group D; lactate was lower at 5 minutes post-clamping in group D. BDNF was higher from 5 minutes post-clamping through 1 hour postoperatively in both groups, and remained high in group D at 24 hours postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine improved recovery of cognition after CEA, potentially due to reduced inflammation and enhanced BDNF expression.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it