Effect of Stress-Sensitive Fracture Conductivity on Transient Pressure Behavior for a Horizontal Well With Multistage Fractures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary In this study, theoretical models have been formulated, validated, and applied to evaluate the transient pressure behavior of a horizontal well with multiple fractures in a tight formation by taking stress-sensitive fracture conductivity into account. On the basis of the superposition principle in the Laplace domain, we propose a coupled matrix/fracture-flow model with consideration of the stress-sensitivity effect in fractures, which strengthens the nonlinearity of the governing equations. More specifically, a new slab-source function in the Laplace domain was developed to describe the transient pressure responses caused by fluid flow from the matrix to the fracture, and a new solution was derived to describe the fluid flow in the fracture under the stress-sensitivity effect. Subsequently, a semianalytical method was applied by discretizing each hydraulic fracture into small segments, and a linearization scheme and an iteration method are adopted to deal with the nonlinear problem in the Laplace domain. Meanwhile, a modified superposition principle was proposed and applied to generate the pressure distributions for buildup tests with consideration of stress-sensitive fracture conductivity. Furthermore, pressure responses and their corresponding derivative type curves were generated to examine the effect of stress-sensitive conductivity. For pressure-drawdown tests, it is found that gradual increases in both pressure drop and pressure derivative occur over time because of the partial closure of the fractures. The stress-sensitivity effect in fractures becomes more evident with a smaller fracture conductivity and a larger fracture-permeability modulus. From the pressure-buildup curves, a one-fourth-slope line characteristic of the bilinear-flow period and constant derivatives of 0.5 representing a pseudoradial-flow regime can be clearly observed. Only fracture conductivity near the wellbore at the shut-in time can be estimated from the buildup pressures obtained in this work, whereas pressure-buildup analysis derived from the traditional superposition principle will result in an erroneous evaluation of the stress-sensitive fracture conductivity. It is also found that the effect of permeability hysteresis in the fractures has a negligible impact on the pressure-buildup responses.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".