An Ultrasound-Based Biomedical System for Continuous Cardiopulmonary Monitoring: A Single Sensor for Multiple Information
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Biomedical wearable sensors enable long-term monitoring applications and provide instantaneous diagnostic capabilities. Physiological monitoring can help in both the diagnosis and the ongoing treatment of a vast number of cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases such as hypertension, dysrhythmia, and asthma. In this paper, we present a system capable of monitoring several vital signals and physiological variables that determine the cardiopulmonary activity status. We explore direct measurements of multiple vital parameters with only one sensor and without special constraints. The system employs a PZT-4 piezo transducer stimulated by a suitable analog front end. The system both generates pulsed ultrasound waves at 1 MHz and amplifies reflected echoes to track internal organ motions, mainly that of the heart apex. According to the respiratory motion of the heart, the proposed system provides respiratory and heart cycles information. Promising results were obtained from six subjects with an average accuracy of 96.7% in heartbeats per minute measurement, referenced to a commercial photoplethysmography sensor. It also exhibits 94.5% sensitivity and 94.0% specificity in respiration detection compared to a spirometer signal as a reference.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it