Drivers for Atlantic-origin waters abutting Greenland
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract. The oceanic heat available in Greenland’s troughs is dependent on the location of the trough, the warm water origin, and how the water is impacted by local processes. This study investigates the mechanisms that bring warm water to the shelf and into the troughs abutting the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS). Warm water that is exchanged from the trough into the fjord may influence the melt on the marine terminating glaciers. Regional ocean model experiments showed that Melville Bay troughs experienced warming following 2009. An increase in ocean heat in these troughs may drive a retreat of the GrIS. In 2004 to 2006, model experiments captured an increase in onshore heat flux in the Disko Bay trough, coinciding with the timing of the disintegration of Jakobshavn Isbrae's floating tongue and observed ocean heat increase in Disko Bay. Warm Irminger water can extend far north into Baffin Bay, reaching as north as Melville Bay troughs. However, it diminishes north of 67° N on the east coast. Seasonality of the maximum onshore heat flux differs due to distance away from the original source. The north-west coast and south-east coast respond differently to changes in meltwater from Greenland and high frequency atmospheric phenomena. With a doubling of the GrIS meltwater, Baffin Bay troughs brought ∼40 % more heat. The lack of presence of storms resulted in an increase in heat flux (∼20 %) through Helheim glacier’s trough. These results demonstrate the importance of onshore heat transport through troughs and its potential implications to the GrIS.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".