The geopolitics of the Northwest Passage in an international relations perspective
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The status of the Northwest Passage waters fundamentally raises the question of the inclusion or not of this maritime strait in the sovereign maritime area claimed by Canada. Mirroring the issue of the Northeast Passage, it opposes an interpretation of the status of the passage as an international strait, open to the transit of any vessel under the rules of innocent passage, with the inclusion of the strait in Canadian internal waters, thus subject to the full sovereignty of the latter. With climate change, a rich media and scientific discourse developed on the potential strategic interest of the Northwest Passage: its actual opening would, according to several researchers, upset states’ Arctic strategies, as it would free up significantly shorter shipping routes. It turns out, however, that relations between states remain cordial on the subject, despite disagreements. The issue of the Northwest Passage did not result in the emergence of a strong dispute between Canada and other countries on the sovereignty over this potential Arctic route.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.010 | 0.022 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.013 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".