Controlled Steric Hindrance Enables Efficient Ligand Exchange for Stable, Infrared-Bandgap Quantum Dot Inks
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs), which benefit from a size-tuned bandgap, are a solution-processed material for infrared energy harvesting. This characteristic enables the fabrication of solar cells that form tandem devices with silicon. Unfortunately, in the case of CQDs having diameters sufficiently large (>4 nm) so that the nanoparticles absorb light well beyond silicon’s bandgap, conventional ligand exchanges fail. Here we report a strategy wherein short-chain carboxylates, used as a steric hindrance controller, facilitate the ligand exchange process on small-bandgap CQDs. We demonstrate that the net energy barrier to replace original capping ligands with lead halide anions is decreased when short carboxylates are involved. The approach produces more complete ligand exchange that enables improved packing density and monodispersity. This contributes to a 2-fold reduction in the trap state density compared to the best previously reported exchange. We demonstrate solar cells that achieve a record infrared photon-to-electron conversion efficiency at the excitonic peak.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it