Secrecy outage analysis of double shadowed Rician channels
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The double shadowed Rician model was recently proposed to describe some realistic physical signal propagation phenomena, where a Rician faded signal is impacted by cascaded shadowing processes. In this Letter, the authors study the outage performance of the double shadowed Rician model. More specifically, they investigate the impact of two different shadowing processes on the secrecy performance by deriving novel and exact expressions for secrecy outage performance metrics. The obtained results reveal the following physical implications: (i) when a Rician faded signal undergoes line‐of‐sight shadowing, which is further cascaded by another round of composite shadowing, the latter form of shadowing imposes larger impact on the secrecy performance; (ii) the widely investigated concept of ‘protected zone’ to improve the secrecy performance should not be limited to the legitimate transmitter but also extended to the legitimate receiver due to the adverse shadowing effect caused by objects in its vicinity; and (iii) the rate of outage performance degradation grows larger as the shadowings become severe.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".