Paper twines in the pultrusion process – Pilot production and flexural characterization of sandwich rods
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper describes the possibility of the use of paper twines as core reinforcement in thermoset pultruded sandwich composites. Paper twines and glass fiber rovings were co-impregnated with polyester resin and co-pultruded to form sandwich rods. Pultruded sandwich rods were up to 26% lighter with regard to typical monolithic glass fiber reinforced polyester rods. The specific flexural strength and Young's modulus of the sandwich rods were up to 25% higher than those of monolithic glass fiber/polyester commercial rods. Thanks to its light weight and its availability as a continuous twine, paper twines may be used with great flexibility in pultrusion of sandwich structures. This may lead to up to 20–30% weight reduction and cost saving without losing flexural performance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".