Adipocyte hyperplasia: the primary mechanism of supraspinatus intramuscular fat accumulation after a complete rotator cuff tendon tear: a study in the rabbit
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) accumulates in muscles of the rotator cuff after tendon tear. The number and cross-sectional area of fat clumps and of adipocytes were quantified on osmium tetroxide stained sections of the proximal, middle and distal quarters of SSP muscles 4, 8 and 12 weeks after SSP tendon division in a rabbit model. Linear mixed-effects models were fitted to the data and statistical significance was evaluated by ANOVA. Both the number (P<0.001) and cross-sectional area (P<0.0005) of fat clumps increased after tendon detachment while time had no significant effect (both at P>0.01). IMF accumulation was more important in the distal quarter of detached SSP muscle near tendon sectioning and characterized by increases of the number (P<0.0005) and cross-sectional area of fat clumps (P<0.0005) compared to the proximal quarter. Adipocyte number increased after tendon detachment (P<0.0005) and over time (P<0.01). The cross-sectional area of adipocytes increased in the detached group compared to controls (P<0.01) while time had no significant effect (P>0.01). Interestingly, the number of adipocytes in the distal quarter increased (P<0.0005) but the cross-sectional area was smaller (P<0.0005) compared to adipocytes in the proximal quarter. Adipocyte hyperplasia localized near tendon sectioning was the main contributor to fat accumulation in the detached SSP muscles.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it