Gait Characteristics in Patients With Ankylosing Spondylitis: Protocol for a Systematic Review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Ankylosing spondylitis is a subtype of inflammatory rheumatic disease, affecting predominantly the axial skeleton and sacroiliac joints. The main clinical manifestations are spinal stiffness and inflammatory back pain, which can potentially affect gait ability of patients with ankylosing spondylitis. However, published studies show discrepancies regarding gait characteristics in ankylosing spondylitis and heterogeneity in terms of task requirement, types of equipment, data collection, and analysis techniques used to assess gait ability of patients with ankylosing spondylitis. OBJECTIVE: This review aimed to determine (1) the consequences of ankylosing spondylitis on gait and (2) how gait is assessed in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. METHODS: Three electronic databases-PubMed, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), and Cochrane-were searched systematically with no limit on the publication date in order to identify studies satisfying the search criteria. The research focused on original research, using Boolean operators "AND" and "OR" in the combination of the Medical Subject Headings descriptors found in titles or abstracts: (Gait OR Walk OR Walking OR locomotor OR locomotion) AND (ankylosing spondylitis OR spondyloarthritis). Only English-language original articles were included. RESULTS: As of September 2018, the search was completed, and 168 records were obtained. After screening titles and abstracts, 19 full texts were reviewed. Of those, 17 were included in the review. We are currently in the process of data extraction and synthesis. CONCLUSIONS: The systematic review will provide a synthesis and comprehensive evaluation of published studies on gait characteristics in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. This work is also intended to help identify the likely relevant directions for future research. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42018102540; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=102540. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/12470.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.051 | 0.051 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.020 | 0.016 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.012 | 0.011 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.008 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.052 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".