The end of the British World and the redefinition of citizenship in Canada, 1950s-1970s1
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mann, Jatinder.2018.The end of the British World and the redefinition of citizenship in Canada, 1950s-1970s.Asian Journal of Canadian Studies, 24-2. 17-42.In the 1950s English-speaking Canada very much identified itself as a British country and an integral part of a wider British World, which had the United Kingdom at its centre.Canada's bicultural nature, with the French-Canadians, complicated this self-identity in Canada.However, by the 1970s this British World had come to an end, as had Canada's self-identification as a British nation.During this period citizenship in Canada was redefined in a significant way from being an ethnic (British) based one to a more civic founded onewhich was more inclusive of other ethnic groups and apparently Indigenous peoples.This article will argue that this redefinition of citizenship took place primarily in the context of this major shift in national identity.After having established the context of the end of the British World in Canada it will explore the Canadian Citizenship Act of 1967 and the Canadian Citizenship Act of 1977 to illustrate the way in which citizenship became more inclusive of other ethnic groups in the country.It will then study the awarding of the right to vote for First Nations in 1960 and the 1969 White Paper to highlight the way in which citizenship in Canada also appeared to incorporate Indigenous groups at this time.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.011 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.030 | 0.014 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".