Achieving Sustainable Development Goals in the global food sector: A systematic literature review to examine small farmers engagement in contract farming
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Contract farming, a common strategy among multinational companies in the global food sector, can help achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, it largely depends on whether or not small farmers can participate in contract farming programs, which has been a major issue globally. Our main objective in this systematic literature review is to identify the factors that drive small farmer participation in contract farming. We analyze 97 peer‐reviewed journal articles published between 1977 and 2017. Our review finds that farmer demographic characteristics, farm structure, farmer characteristics, and farmer attitudes influence participation in contract farming although causal mechanisms remain ambiguous. We therefore suggest the need for more comprehensive methodologies to examine small farmer participation in contract farming. In the meantime, global food sector companies must consider these factors as they develop plans toward achieving SDGs.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it