Flow‐based <i>in vivo</i> NMR spectroscopy of small aquatic organisms
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract NMR applied to living organisms is arguably the ultimate tool for understanding environmental stress responses and can provide desperately needed information on toxic mechanisms, synergistic effects, sublethal impacts, recovery, and biotransformation of xenobiotics. To perform in vivo NMR spectroscopy, a flow cell system is required to deliver oxygen and food to the organisms while maintaining optimal line shape for NMR spectroscopy. In this tutorial, two such flow cell systems and their constructions are discussed: (a) a single pump high‐volume flow cell design is simple to build and ideal for organisms that do not require feeding (i.e., eggs) and (b) a more advanced low‐volume double pump flow cell design that permits feeding, maintains optimal water height for water suppression, improves locking and shimming, and uses only a small recirculating volume, thus reducing the amount of xenobiotic required for testing. In addition, key experimental aspects including isotopic enrichment, water suppression, and 2D experiments for both 13 C enriched and natural abundance organisms are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".