Upper-bound limit analysis of soils with a nonlinear failure criterion
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Limit analysis is a widely used technique for the analysis of geotechnical collapse states and there exists a significant body of literature covering its application to soils with a linear failure criterion. However, such a failure criterion is often an idealization of an actual nonlinear response for which available analytical techniques are limited. This paper presents a new fully general solution procedure for generating multi-wedge rigid-block upper-bound mechanisms for a soil with a nonlinear failure criterion, utilizing a curved interface that obeys the nonlinear yield function flow rule along its full length. This work extends the long-established kinematic sliding-wedge approach for linear soils and is illustrated through application to active and passive retaining wall and anchor–trapdoor problems. Through additional consideration of the lower-bound solution, close bounds on the retaining wall problem to within ∼1% are established. The ability of the nonlinear upper bound solution to predict the shear and normal stress at every point along the failure surface is discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".