Religious Extremism and Youth Restiveness in Kaduna State: Issues and Prospects
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper gives details of how religious extremism and youth restiveness intensify violent conflict in Kaduna state and beyond. The paper investigates how radical Christianity and Islamism destabilize the Nigerian states and challenge its secularity. It also examines the impact of religion extremist on youth restiveness in Kaduna state, issues and way forward. Data for this paper were drawn from both primary and secondary source, mainly from group discussion and the library. Historical-descriptive were also analyze via content analysis. Rawls theory of justice which was utilized is predicated on the notion that a good and peaceful society is characterized by a number of virtues. Justice is the first virtue of a good and peaceful society. The paper reveals that religion extremist and youth restiveness are caused by clash of different belief system, ignorance, illiteracy, unemployment, poverty, and unhealthy communication among others. These issues creates avenue for vulnerability among the warring parties. The paper recommends among others the need for religion as agent of socialization and means of social cohesion and bond to bring about moral community in Kaduna state in particular and in Nigeria at large.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".