Aging of Bioactive Glass-Based Foams: Effects on Structure, Properties, and Bioactivity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bioactive glasses (BG) possess significant bone-bonding and osteogenic properties that support their use for bone defects repair in orthopaedic and dental procedures. Recent advancement enables the manufacturing of BG-based scaffolds providing structural support during bone regeneration. Despite the wide number of studies on BG and BG-based materials, little information on their aging mechanisms and shelf life is available in the literature. In this study, the evolution of chemical species on BG-based foams was investigated via accelerated tests in the presence of CO2 and humidity. The aging process led to the formation of carbonates (Na2CO3 and CaCO3) and hydrocarbonates (NaHCO3). The amount and composition of nucleated species evolved with time, affecting the structure, properties, and bioactivity of the scaffolds. This study provides a first structured report of aging effects on the structure and chemico-physical properties of bioactive glass-based scaffolds, offering an insight about the importance of their storage and packaging.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".