Characteristic strength of soils underlying foundations considering effect of spatial variability
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In Eurocode EC7, a “characteristic” strength is used as a cautious estimate of the local average strength that governs the bearing capacity of the foundation. The objective of this paper is to examine the correlation between the local average strength and the bearing capacity of a stiff caisson foundation resting on spatially variable ground using random finite element analyses. The results show that using the local average strength over some assumed or postulated failure zones tends to overestimate the mean bearing capacity of the ground. This can be attributed to two possible reasons. Firstly, the postulated failure zone is unlikely to be fully reflective of the real failure zone in spatially variable ground. Secondly, the bearing capacity is more affected by the strength of the weak zones than that of the strong zones. Both of these factors lead to a lowering of the bearing capacity. A more indicative way of determining a characteristic strength that will give a better indication of the bearing capacity is also recommended, together with a strength reduction factor that accounts for the effect of spatial variability.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".