Endovascular treatment for acute carotid T and carotid non-T occlusion: A retrospective multicentre study of 81 patients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background The functional prognosis of patients with carotid T occlusion is poor, but few comprehensive studies have investigated carotid non-T occlusion, in which the terminal internal carotid artery portion is unobstructed. We aimed to elucidate the clinical features of carotid non-T occlusion by comparing patients with acute carotid T occlusion and carotid non-T occlusion. Methods Among 362 patients who underwent thrombectomy between January 2015 and June 2018, 20 and 61 were diagnosed with carotid non-T occlusion and carotid T occlusion, respectively. We compared preoperative clinical findings, treatment strategies, treatment complications and functional outcomes between the two groups. Results Age, sex, preoperative National Institutes of Health stroke scale, cerebral infarction subtypes and medical history did not significantly differ. In contrast, preoperative diffusion-weighted imaging–Alberta Stroke Program early computed tomography scores were 9 (1–11) and 6.5 (0–11) for the carotid non-T occlusion and carotid T occlusion groups, respectively ( P = 0.015). The duration of treatment or the median number of passes (2.5 vs. 2.0), the numbers of patients with thrombolysis in cerebral infarction 2b/3, bleeding complications and modified Rankin scale scores of 0–2 on postoperative day 90 did not significantly differ between the two groups. Manual aspiration before, internal carotid artery arrest while crossing a lesion and injection into the contralateral side were significantly more frequent in patients with carotid non-T occlusion. Intracranial internal carotid artery stenosis was significantly more frequent in patients with carotid non-T occlusion ( n = 4, 20%) than carotid T occlusion ( n = 0), and 10% of patients with carotid non-T occlusion had arterial dissection. Conclusion Patients with carotid non-T occlusion more frequently had a background of intracranial internal carotid artery stenosis or arterial dissection than patients with carotid T occlusion. Specific treatment strategies should be developed to improve the clinical outcomes of patients with carotid non-T occlusion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".