Student indebtedness amongst graduates from Canadian Optometry Schools
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate the level of student indebtedness amongst the graduates from the two Canadian optometry schools (Montreal and Waterloo). A secondary objective was to investigate the financial impact of the clinical externship program on the overall student debt. Methods: The 2007 graduating class was surveyed anonymously. Information was obtained on demographics, number of years of study, expenses related to externships and the overall estimated level of debt upon graduation. Results: The mean overall debt varied between zero and one hundred and fifty thousand ($150,000 Cdn), with UW students having a higher mean debt (UM $26,750; UW $75,165 Cdn; p<0.05). Males had a significantly higher debt than females at either school (F $48,200 vs M $59,231; p<0.05). Conclusions: This is the first report of Canadian optometry student indebtedness. Understanding the factors that contribute to the optometry student indebtedness is the first step in understanding the financial burden of students attending Canadian optometry schools.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.020 | 0.008 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it