Toxic Effects of Domoic Acid on Caenorhabditis elegans and the Underlying Mechanism
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Domoic acid (DA) is a well-known marine bio-toxin and has been investigated extensively through many in vitro and in vivo studies. However, the mechanism for DA-induced toxicity is still not fully understood. In the present study, we performed toxicity assessment of DA in Caenorhabditis elegans system and investigated the underlying mechanism for DA-induced toxicity. Our data show that DA exposure has toxic effects on locomotion behavior, lifespan and intestine of nematodes. Moreover, we observed the increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in DA exposed nematodes, implying the involvement of oxidative stress in DA-induced toxicity. In addition, our data demonstrates that p38 signaling pathway is required for the DA-induced ROS formation and toxicity. Therefore, our study proves the effectiveness of C. elegans system in toxicity assessment of DA, and DA may induce toxicity through p38 pathway dependent oxidative stress.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".