Level and source of fat in the diet of gestating beef cows. II. Effects on the postpartum performance of the dam and the progeny1
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of level and source of fat in the diet of gestating beef cows on the postpartum performance of the dam and the progeny. Each year, 75 mature pregnant (183±4.8 d until calving) Angus cows with similar BW (663±21.5 kg) and BCS (2.6±0.12; 1 to 5 scale) were randomly assigned to one of 15 outdoor pens. Each pen was assigned to one of three iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous treatments: a low-fat diet (LF; 1.4±0.12% EE), and two high-fat diets (HF; 3.3±0.20% EE) including a canola seed (CAN) or a flaxseed (FLX) based pelleted feed. Diets were formulated to meet the requirements of pregnant beef cows and fed until calving. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design with contrasts for the effects of level (LF vs. HF) and source (CAN vs. FLX) of fat. No differences (P≥0.21) were found for BW or calving to weaning ADG of cows. The average BCS during the first 42 d of lactation was greater (P<0.01) for LF compared to HF (2.63 vs. 2.51) with no difference (P=0.35) for CAN vs. FLX cows. Subcutaneous fat thickness over the ribs was greater (P≤0.01) for LF compared to that of HF cows at calving (5.7 vs. 4.3 mm) and at weaning (4.3 vs. 3.7 mm) with no difference (P≥0.11) for CAN vs. FLX cows. Over the first 42 d of lactation, no difference (P≥0.23) was observed for 12-h milk yield. Milk protein concentration was greater (P=0.03) for CAN compared to FLX (3.11 vs. 3.01%) cows while no difference (P≥0.28) was observed for any other milk component. Milk fat from FLX cows had greater (P < 0.01) CLA and CLnA concentrations than that of CAN cows during the first 42 d of lactation. Pregnancy rate of HF cows tended (P=0.07) to be greater than that of LF cows with no difference (P=0.77) for CAN vs. FLX cows. Calves from HF cows were heavier (P≤0.01) at birth (42.9 vs. 40.2 kg) than those from LF cows. From calving to weaning, ADG of calves born to CAN cows was greater (P=0.03) that that of calves born to FLX cows (1.19 vs. 1.13 kg/d) with no difference (P=0.18) for calves born to LF vs. HF cows. At slaughter, progeny of HF cows had greater (P≤0.03) shrunk BW (605 vs. 579 kg) and HCW (355 vs. 339 kg) compared to those from LF cows with no difference (P≥0.16) for progeny of CAN vs. FLX cows. These results show that feeding a HF diet over gestation results in heavier calves at birth and at slaughter, and superior calf gains from birth to slaughter as well as heavier carcasses, possibly due to a developmental programming effect.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".