Review of cytostatic wastewater degradation by ozone and advanced oxidation processes: results from Cuban studies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Among pharmaceuticals, cytostatics are a category of emerging contaminants that are of particular environmental concern, because of their mutagenic and carcinogenic characteristics. Concern about the presence of these drugs in the environment has increased in the last decades because of their potential harm to aquatic organisms and human health and their long-term cumulative impact on the environment, even at low concentrations in the order of ppb to ppt (μg/L to ng/L). In this paper we provide of an overview of the use of ozone and (or) advanced oxidation processes to eliminate cytostatics from the pharmaceutical wastewaters focusing on studies undertaken in Cuba. The review revealed that these treatments are suitable to degrade several antineoplastic drugs of different chemical structures and to safety dispose of wastewaters to the environment. In addition, we describe the analytical methods used for the determination of the fundamental by-products of applied treatments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".