Genetic diversity of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) genotypes at Wollo, Ethiopia using agro-morphological traits
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) is an annual oilseed crop of the Compositae or Asteraceae family commercially grown in Ethiopia and other countries.To study the genetic variation and relationships among twelve Safflower genotypes an experiment was carried out under field conditions in randomized complete block design with 3 replications in Wollo University, Dessie campus using the agro-morphological traits that includes plant height, days to flowering, Days to maturity, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, number of capitula per plant, number of seed per capitulum, thousand seed weight, yield per plant, and yield per plot.Results of the analysis of variance showed significant differences among accessions for traits like days to flowering, days to maturity at p ≤0.01, and for number of primary branches and number of secondary branches at p ≤0.05.Seed yield per plant had significant correlations with number of capitula per plant, number of seeds per capitulum, number of primary and secondary branches.Cluster analysis grouped the 12 genotypes in 2 clusters and one of the accessions remains ungrouped, according to their similarity in various traits studied.The first three principal component analyses were found to explain 85% of the total variation that exists among accessions.The results revealed the presence of a high level of genetic diversity that deserves conservation attention and could be utilized in breeding program to improve Safflower varieties with a high seed yield.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".