Board Diversity and Corporate Sustainability Practices: Evidence on Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Reporting
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The emerging awareness on sustainability issues among Malaysian listed companies has increased the voluntary disclosure on environmental, social and governance (ESG) in the annual report. This study examines the relationship of board diversity on firm’s sustainability practices. Board diversity characteristics in terms of gender, age, board composition, board capabilities and board reputation are examined as to their influence towards firm’s sustainability practice. The data includes the ESG Scores of 38 listed companies in Malaysia for the period in 2010–2016 which was obtained from the Thomson Reuters Eikon™ Datastream. The result showed that board diversity traits such as age, board capabilities and board reputation are positively associated with firm’s sustainability practices. In contrast, women director and independent directors are negatively related with firm sustainability practice. Result of this study helps to provide another viewpoint on the roles played by board members, particularly their diversity representations as the determinant for corporate sustainability practice.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.017 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it