Effect of different levels of exercise on telomere length: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Telomeres are structures found at the end of human chromosomes that help to protect the chromosome.Telomeres become shorter with ageing and age-related diseases.This study investigated the effect of different levels of exercise on telomere length.Research databases were searched for relevant studies and these were checked for eligibility.Studies included in this metaanalysis were analysed for heterogeneity, using the random-effects or fixed-effects models.Longer telomere length was found to be associated with physically active individuals, and significantly associated with robust and moderate exercise.Subgroup analysis revealed that longer telomere length was positively associated with exercise, regardless of the person's sex, but this was not statistically significant in elderly populations.In conclusion, compared with inactive individuals, people who were active had longer telomere lengths, regardless of the intensity of exercise.Objective: To investigate the effect of different levels of exercise on telomere length.Methods: CINAHL, SPORTDiscus (EBSCO), OVID (Medline) and EMBASE databases were searched for eligible studies.Methodological quality was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and heterogeneity among the studies was assessed using the I-squared test.When heterogeneity among studies was high (I 2 > 50%), a random-effects model was used (Review Manager version 5, Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen, Denmark); otherwise, a fixedeffects model was used.Results: Eleven eligible studies involving 19,292 participants were included in this meta-analysis.Longer telomere length was associated with physically active individuals, with a mean difference (MD) of 0.15 (95% confidence interval; 95% CI 0.05, 0.24); I 2 = 99%.Longer telomere length was significantly associated with robust exercise (MD 0.08 (95% CI 0.04, 0.12)); I 2 = 99%, as was moderate exercise (MD 0.07 (95% CI 0.03, 0.11)); I 2 = 100%.Subgroup analysis revealed that longer telomere length was positively associated with exercise, regardless of sex, but was not statistically significant in elderly populations.Conclusion: Compared with inactive individuals, telomere lengths were longer in active subjects, regardless of the intensity of exercise.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.010 | 0.024 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.019 | 0.036 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.007 | 0.008 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".