Diversity, distribution and multi‐functional attributes of bacterial communities associated with the rhizosphere and endosphere of timothy (<i>Phleum pratense</i>L.)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIMS: To characterize the bacterial communities of the rhizosphere and endosphere of the forage grass timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and evaluate the functional attributes with respect to growth promotion properties, antimicrobial and biosurfactant capacities. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 254 culturable bacteria were identified using 16S rRNA sequencing and grouped into 16 taxa that shared high homology of 98-99% with other known sequences. A majority of the isolates were recovered from the rhizosphere soil fraction and leaf and crown tissues. Bacillus genus was the most abundant in the bulk and rhizosphere soil fractions. Isolates belonging to the Methylobacterium genus were exclusively found in leaves making them tissue-specific. A majority of the bacterial isolates exhibited multi-functional growth promotion attributes and plant stress improvement related to the production of indole 3-acetic acid, VOC and siderophores and polymer-degrading enzymes and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activities. Some demonstrated antimicrobial properties such as hydrogen cyanide and biosurfactant production and activities of fungal cell wall degrading enzymes. The internalization and spread of selected bacterial isolates in timothy seedlings under gnotobiotic conditions was confirmed using the culture-dependent method and SEM microscopy in proof-of-concept experiments. CONCLUSIONS: The attributes of some isolates with respect to growth promotion abilities, biocontrol potential and efficient colonization of timothy make them desirable for future development as potential biofertilizer tools. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study provides the first evidence of bacterial endophytes that have the necessary functional attributes to protect cool-season forage grasses against abiotic stress.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".