Buprenorphine in the emergency department: Randomized clinical controlled trial of clonidine versus buprenorphine for the treatment of opioid withdrawal.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To compare buprenorphine to clonidine for the treatment of opioid withdrawal in the emergency department (ED) and to study the effect assigned treatment medication had on longer-term addiction treatment outcomes. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Toronto, Ont. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-six patients presenting to the ED while in opioid withdrawal or soon to be in opioid withdrawal. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Patients were randomized to receive either clonidine or buprenorphine treatment. Both groups also received a corresponding discharge prescription and information on how to follow up in the addictions rapid access clinic (RAC) within a few days. Participants were followed for 1 month with respect to attendance at the RAC and to opioid agonist treatment status. Outcome measures included attendance at the RAC within 5 days of the initial ED visit and opioid agonist treatment status at 1 month (as determined by clinic attendance or self-report during a follow-up telephone interview). RESULTS: = .011). CONCLUSION: When opioid withdrawal is treated with buprenorphine in the ED, patients are more likely to be receiving opioid agonist treatment and connected with addiction treatment 1 month later. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT03174067 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".