Numerical Hydrodynamic Performance of the Stepped Planing Craft and Its Step Height Effect
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
One of the most efficient methods of reducing drag on planing craft is the use of transverse step on the bottom of a hull. Applying steps on the hull reduces the contact area with water and as a result, it reduces drag of the craft. Planing craft are able to have one or two transverse steps. In this paper, numerical hydrodynamic performance of the stepped planing craft and its step height effect is investigated by making use of finite volume method (FVM). The Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations are coupled with the standard k- ε turbulence model and volume of fluid equations are solved to simulate transient turbulent free surface flow surrounding the hull by ANSYS-CFX. In order to predict the motion of the craft, equations of two degrees of freedom for rigid body are coupled with governing equations of fluid flow. In order to validate the numerical model presented in this paper, the obtained numerical results are compared with the available experimental data. The numerical results obtained for drag, dynamic trim, rising of center of mass and the pressure distribution on the body at different speeds and different heights of the steps are presented and discussed.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it