Bioaccumulation and transfer of mercury and arsenic in aquatic invertebrates and emergent insects at historical gold mine tailing sites of Nova Scotia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Historical gold mining in Nova Scotia resulted in over 3,000,000 tonnes of mine tailings deposited into aquatic habitats and low-lying areas, where they remain today.Legacy tailings are typically elevated in mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As), however, aquatic ecological effects remain largely unquantified to date.An initial literature review revealed only three studies mentioning contaminants in aquatic invertebrates at tailing sites.My objective was to assess [Hg] and [As] in aquatic invertebrates living on tailings-affected wetlands, and the role of emergent insects as biovectors of these contaminants.Samples showed that sediment and water at tailings sites were elevated in Hg and As, often surpassing CCME guidelines.Aquatic invertebrates from tailings sites had elevated [Hg] (up to 4.20 ppm).Invertebrate [As] frequently exceeded CCME guidelines for fish.Adult emergent insects were shown to be likely biovectors of Hg, while As was largely shed with casings during hatching.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".