Within-Population Spatial Genetic Structure of the Bull Kelp, Nereocystis luetkena
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fine spatial genetic structure studies of sessile organisms have the capacity to indirectly unravel cryptic aspects of their life history such as dispersal and mating systems. The Bull Kelp, Nereocystis luetkena, is a large brown alga (kelp) forming acanopy in cold temperate coastal reefs in the Northeast Pacific. Concerns about population health of this ecosystem foundation species have been raised in the Salish Sea (US/Canada) and in Northern California in relation to Global Change and coastal development. We recently conducted a distribution-wide genetic differentiation study that allowed to characterize gene-flow and population connectivity at large spatial scales. However, little is known about dispersal and mating system at smallest scales, within a Bull kelp forest. We sampled 40-50 individual kelps in two kelp beds in the Juan de Fuca, WA area. We collected individual spatial coordinates to study the association between pairwise spatial distance and genetic kinship, estimated from microsatellite genetic markers. Our results on the mating system and small-scale dispersal of Bull Kelp will be used to properly design conservation measures.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".